See gratter on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grattage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gratte-ciel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gratte-cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gratte-dos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "poil à gratter"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"gratter",
"gratter#Middle_French"
],
[
"gratter",
"gratter#Old_French"
],
[
"grater",
"grater#Old_French"
],
[
"*kratton",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kratton"
],
[
"*krattōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krattōną"
],
[
"*gred-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gred-"
],
[
"gërresë",
"gërresë#Albanian"
],
[
"kratzen",
"kratzen#German"
],
[
"kratta",
"kratta#Swedish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:gratter<ety:inh<fro:grater<alt:gratter>>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*grodnéh₂ti\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*gred-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-néh₂ti\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krattōną\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*krattōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"grater\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"gratter\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"gratter\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"gratter\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "gratter",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French gratter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "gratter"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French gratter",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gratter"
},
"expansion": "Old French gratter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*kratton"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krattōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gred-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gred-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërresë",
"t": "rasp, scraper"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kratzen",
"t": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "German kratzen (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kratta",
"t": "to rake"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kratta (“to rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:gratter<ety:inh<fro:grater<alt:gratter>>>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French gratter, from Old French gratter, grater, borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”), German kratzen (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gratter",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "grattant",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gratté",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grattez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattait",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattaient",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattai",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattas",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratta",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattâmes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattâtes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattèrent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterai",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteras",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattera",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteront",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterait",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteriez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteraient",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattasse",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattasses",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattât",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gratter",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scrub"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-JIZtf4Fz",
"links": [
[
"scrub",
"scrub"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scrape"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-qkbkEf3d",
"links": [
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scratch"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-6zW~VBjx",
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to scratch"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 26 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 26 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 45 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It itches.",
"text": "Ça gratte.",
"translation": "It itches.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to itch"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-G8NeIbdR",
"links": [
[
"itch",
"itch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, informal) to itch"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to play the guitar"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-4wY6RjSl",
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"guitar",
"guitar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) to play the guitar"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-gratter.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg/Fr-gratter.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
{
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"word": "gratter"
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{
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[
"grater",
"grater#Old_French"
],
[
"gratter",
"gratter#French"
],
[
"grate",
"grate#English"
],
[
"*kratton",
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],
[
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]
],
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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"1": "nrf",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "fro:grater<alt:gratter>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French grater (whence also French gratter, English grate (verb)), borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną.",
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{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"head": ""
},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gratter",
"name": "nrf-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jersey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
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{
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"parents": [],
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{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grate"
],
"id": "en-gratter-nrf-verb-UBmQtsa~",
"links": [
[
"grate",
"grate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) to grate"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey"
]
}
],
"word": "gratter"
}
{
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"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grattage"
},
{
"word": "gratte-ciel"
},
{
"word": "gratte-cul"
},
{
"word": "gratte-dos"
},
{
"word": "poil à gratter"
}
],
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"gratter",
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],
[
"gratter",
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],
[
"grater",
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],
[
"*kratton",
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],
[
"*krattōną",
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],
[
"*gred-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gred-"
],
[
"gërresë",
"gërresë#Albanian"
],
[
"kratzen",
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],
[
"kratta",
"kratta#Swedish"
]
],
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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{
"args": {
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French gratter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
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"3": "gratter"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French gratter",
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "gratter"
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},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gred-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gred-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërresë",
"t": "rasp, scraper"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kratzen",
"t": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "German kratzen (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kratta",
"t": "to rake"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kratta (“to rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:gratter<ety:inh<fro:grater<alt:gratter>>>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French gratter, from Old French gratter, grater, borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”), German kratzen (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
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]
},
{
"form": "gratter",
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"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gratté",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattes",
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"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grattez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattait",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattaient",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattai",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattas",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratta",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattâmes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattâtes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattèrent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterai",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteras",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattera",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteront",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterais",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterait",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterions",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteriez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteraient",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattions",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattent",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattasse",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassions",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassiez",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassent",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
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"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
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{
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],
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{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"glosses": [
"to scrub"
],
"links": [
[
"scrub",
"scrub"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to scrape"
],
"links": [
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"to scratch"
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
],
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"(transitive) to scratch"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French informal terms",
"French intransitive verbs",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It itches.",
"text": "Ça gratte.",
"translation": "It itches.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to itch"
],
"links": [
[
"itch",
"itch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, informal) to itch"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to play the guitar"
],
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"guitar",
"guitar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) to play the guitar"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"Paris"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-gratter.wav",
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-gratter.wav",
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-gratter.wav",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Opsylac-gratter.wav",
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"note": "Grenoble",
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"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
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]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-gratter.wav",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-T. Le Berre-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-gratter.wav.mp3",
"note": "Hérault",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-X-Javier-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-gratter.wav.mp3",
"note": "Massy",
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"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-gratter.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "gratter"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"grater",
"grater#Old_French"
],
[
"gratter",
"gratter#French"
],
[
"grate",
"grate#English"
],
[
"*kratton",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kratton"
],
[
"*krattōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krattōną"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "fro:grater<alt:gratter>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*grodnéh₂ti\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*gred-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-néh₂ti\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krattōną\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*krattōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"grater\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Norman\", \"term\" : \"gratter\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nrf\" }\" data-lang=\"nrf\" data-title=\"gratter\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
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"2": "fro",
"3": "grater"
},
"expansion": "Old French grater",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*kratton"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krattōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "fro:grater<alt:gratter>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French grater (whence also French gratter, English grate (verb)), borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gratter",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gratter",
"name": "nrf-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Jersey Norman",
"Norman entries with etymon",
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman terms derived from Frankish",
"Norman terms derived from Old French",
"Norman terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Norman terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Norman terms inherited from Old French",
"Norman verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"to grate"
],
"links": [
[
"grate",
"grate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) to grate"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey"
]
}
],
"word": "gratter"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gratter meaning in All languages combined (21.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.